Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning

What is Chatgpt ?

Meghana

Nov 28, 2023 • 6 min read

Chatgpt is an advanced language model developed by OpenAI. It belongs to the GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) family of models and is specifically designed for interactive and dynamic conversations with users. GPT models are based on deep learning techniques, particularly transformers, which excel in processing and generating natural language.

Chatgpt is trained on a vast corpus of text data from the internet, including books, articles, websites, and more. Through this training process, the model learns to understand and generate human-like responses based on the input it receives. It has the ability to grasp context, engage in coherent conversations, and provide relevant information across a wide range of topics.

The underlying architecture of Chatgpt, such as GPT-3.5, contains billions of parameters, enabling it to capture intricate patterns in language and generate contextually appropriate responses. This makes Chatgpt a powerful tool for various applications, such as content creation, tutoring, brainstorming, and assisting with coding task.

How is chatgpt build

Chat GPT is built on a transformer-based neural network architecture, which is widely used in natural language processing tasks. The underlying model used in Chat GPT is based on the GPT-3.5 architecture. Here's an explanation of the model and its key components:

Transformer Architecture:

The transformer architecture is a deep learning model that relies on the concept of self-attention to process and generate natural language. It consists of multiple layers, each containing two sub-modules: the self-attention mechanism and the feed-forward neural network.

Self-Attention Mechanism:

The self-attention mechanism allows the model to weigh the importance of different words or tokens in a given input sequence. It computes the attention scores for each token by considering its relationship with other tokens in the sequence. This enables the model to capture long-range dependencies and contextual information effectively.

Feed-Forward Neural Network:

The feed-forward neural network is responsible for transforming the representations learned through self-attention. It applies a non-linear activation function to each token's representation, enabling the model to capture complex relationships and generate more expressive representations.

Training Process:

During the training process, Chat GPT is exposed to a massive amount of text data. The model learns to predict the next word in a sentence given the preceding context. By training on a diverse range of conversational data, the model acquires knowledge about grammar, syntax, semantics, and various conversational patterns.

Fine-Tuning:

After the initial pre-training phase, the model undergoes a fine-tuning process to adapt it to specific downstream tasks or applications. During fine-tuning, the model is trained on task-specific datasets, which allows it to specialize in generating responses relevant to the specific application, such as customer support or virtual assistants.

Generation and Inference:

To generate responses, Chat GPT utilizes a decoding strategy called "autoregressive" decoding. It starts with an initial prompt or context and generates one word at a time based on the preceding words. The generated word is then used as part of the input for generating the next word, and this process continues until the desired response length is reached.

How chatgpt works ?

The model will make the connection between every word it is trained on. These connections are made through neural networks , when ever we ask a question the respective neurons will get activated and we will get the output but its not that much simple.

Chatgpt has around 175 million parameters these each parameter memorizes or represent the weight or connection between words there are around 96 layers in the model

We must be aware that any ai or ml model can not read the texts or learn from images directly what they love to learn from is numbers we need to convert our information to numbers then the model will be able to read and learn the patterns from that number.

Tokenization :

During the training of Chatgpt, text inputs are converted into numerical representations known as token IDs. This conversion is necessary because machine learning models, including Chatgpt, operate on numerical data rather than raw text.

Sources says that Chatgpt is trained on 500 million tokens means there are 500 million different words , it also knows many connection between the words and their relations.

GPT models read sentences by tokenizing them and converting them into numerical representations.

By tokenizing sentences and converting them into numerical representations, GPT models can process and understand text data. The numerical representations allow the model to perform computations and learn patterns and relationships between the tokens during training and inference.

Chatgpt has 2 main parts

Unsupervised learning : it’s the way how the model is trained using neural networks

Supervised learning: the model learns from labeled examples where both the input and the desired output are provided during training.

When training Chatgpt, human AI trainers engage in conversations where they play both the user and the AI assistant roles. The trainers have access to model- generated suggestions to assist in composing responses, but they ultimately make the final decisions. These interactions are used to create a dataset with paired examples, consisting of user inputs and desired model responses

To avoid harmful outputs, OpenAI puts substantial effort into instructing and guiding the trainers. They provide explicit guidelines and policies to ensure the training process aligns with ethical considerations and avoids generating inappropriate content. The trainers are explicitly instructed not to complete requests for illegal or harmful actions, and they are encouraged to prioritize safety and respect user privacy.

Additionally, OpenAI maintains a strong feedback loop with the trainers through iterative feedback and collaboration. This process helps in refining the model's behavior, addressing biases, and minimizing the generation of inappropriate or harmful responses.

By employing supervised learning and incorporating rigorous safety measures, OpenAI strives to ensure that Chatgpt provides accurate and helpful responses while minimizing the risk of harmful or misleading information. OpenAI's commitment to user safety and the continuous feedback loop with the user community are crucial aspects in shaping the behavior of the model and maintaining responsible AI deployment.

Once the Chatgpt model is available to the public it will be static. it won't learn any new things, it only triggers when the user asks a question. nothing goes when there is no input.

Capabilities and use cases :

Customer Support
Virtual Assistants
Language Translation
Content Generation
Personalized Recommendations
Educational Support

Ethical Considerations :

While Chatgpt offers numerous benefits, there are important ethical considerations to be mindful of:

a. Bias: Language models like Chatgpt can inadvertently reflect biases present in the training data. Efforts should be made to identify and mitigate such biases to ensure fair and inclusive responses

b. Misinformation: Chatgpt may generate plausible but inaccurate or misleading information. Care should be taken to validate and fact-check the responses generated by the model.

c. Privacy and Security: Conversations with Chatgpt may contain sensitive or personal information. Data security measures should be implemented to protect user privacy and prevent unauthorized access.

d. User Well-being: Chatgpt should be designed to prioritize user well-being, avoiding harmful content and promoting responsible use.

Conclusion :

Chatgpt is a powerful language model that enables human-like interactions in conversational settings. With its ability to generate contextually relevant responses, it holds significant potential across various domains, from customer support to content generation. However, it is crucial to address ethical considerations and ensure responsible deployment to maximize its benefits while minimizing potential risks.